What happens to people who own the VW diesels & now the accused RAM diesels that fail the clean air smog tests ? Are they stuck with a vehicle that they can not register or get inspected & therefore can not drive ? After all, it is NOT the consumers fault that the manufacturer did that. They were buying what they thought was an emissions legal vehicle.
I know here in NY, I can't even cut back my exhaust tip (for off roading). It has to be EXACTLY as it came from the factory, or they will fail it.
I'm sure I am not the only one wondering this.
I ask this because back in 2008, there was a guy with a brand new Chevy DuraMax. He bought new in California, moved to Colorado, to a green county, & his truck failed the test. They would not give him an inspection sticker. He took it back to a dealer & dealer said there was nothing wrong with it. Took it back to get tested again. It failed. He was making $600 a month payments on a truck that he could not drive. I never found out what his ultimate outcome was but that sucks for sure.
So this is a pretty complicated set of questions, I'll do my best to try and get everything answered. Forewarning, there is a good deal of oversimplification and generalization in order to not have to type out a novel here.
First off is owners of the VW diesels are being offered either a buy-back or to receive compensation and have the 'fix' performed to their vehicle. As far as buy-back goes there is a complicated set of formulas that take into account miles, year, usage, etc and add it to the top of the pre-scandal KBB prices. The fix compensation is calculated in a similar manner. I know one hang up here is that very few models actually have an acceptable fix in place.
http://jalopnik.com/heres-exactly-how-much-volkswagen-will-pay-you-for-your-1782745097
On to FCA with the EcoDiesel. At this point it is a waiting game, owners will have to wait and see what comes of the allegations. On the surface it does not appear that this will be as big of an issue as VW as it seems the EPA is concerned about several 'Auxiliary Emissions Control Devices' that under certain cirumstances when protecting the engine cause higher emitted NOx levels. Which is technically allowed in circumstances to protect the engine, however these must be disclosed to the EPA and FCA did not do this. Could there be more as things progress, sure. But right now it doesn't look as bad for FCA.
PDF Warning:
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-01/documents/fca-caa-nov-2017-01-12.pdf
Now to testing, I don't know of a single state that is even capable of testing the high emissions that are being created. The issue here with both VW, FCA, and any diesel really is NOx. Put simply diesel engines are most efficient at higher temperatures, higher temperatures create more NOx. To combat NOx things like EGR, SCR, DEF are used to neutralize it. You can also tune the engine to run at lower peak temperatures; this is what VW did with their alternate tune. The testing done at stations usually consists of a code check, visual inspection, and a particulate matter test. Even the VW and FCA vehicles that have been accused of cheating will pass these emissions tests as long as they have not been tampered with.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIt3MaHADvM
To the point of the Durmax not passing inspection; my guess would be that he removed emissions components. 'Deleting' a diesel truck is fairly common and will cause your truck to fail the visual inspection. I obviously do not have all the information here, but the tests done are mostly to insure no one deletes their truck and that they are not 'Rolling Coal'. But as mentioned in the above video a tuner can still be used and disabled for the testing.
Which brings us finally to your question about registering. Now technically even the cheating vehicles will pass the state tests, which by the way most new vehicles are exempt from in most states for some time period. Ohio is the first 4 years for example. What could possibly happen however in certain states is that there is a special directive specifically naming the cheating vehicles and saying they are not allowed to be registered without documentation the fix is in place. Even in this case one could have the fix done and then tune the engine with a third party tool.